ABSTRACT
Objective To know about knowledge about prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in nurses from tertiary hospitals in China,and to analyze influencing factors to provide guidance for nursing of VTE. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 5279 nurses from 80 tertiary hospitals in 29 provinces (municipalities,and autonomous regions). Results The average score of knowledge about VTE prevention and treatment in nurses was 61.26%. The knowledge was obviously unbalanced. Nurses had poor knowledge of elastic stockings and injection of prefilling anticoagulant drugs. The scores were high for nurses who were over 30 years old, had worked for more than 10 years, and had higher titles. Conclusion Currently knowledge about pre-vention and treatment of VTE in nurses in our country is not ideal,and there is imbalance in knowledge. Training is still an effective approach. There should be standardized training according to level of knowledge of nurses.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Accurate identification of bacterial isolates is an essential task in clinical microbiology. This study compared culturing to analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences as methods to identify bacteria in clinical samples. We developed a key technique to directly identify bacteria in clinical samples via nucleic acid sequences, thus improving the ability to confirm pathogens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We obtained 225 samples from Beijing Tongren Hospital and examined them by conventional culture and 16S rDNA sequencing to identify pathogens. This study made use of a modified sample pre-treatment technique which came from our laboratory to extract DNA. 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR. The amplified product was sequenced on a CEQ8000 capillary sequencer. Sequences were uploaded to the GenBank BLAST database for comparison.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the positively cultivated bacterial strains, seven strains were identified differently by Vitek32 and by 16S rDNA sequencing. Twelve samples that were negative by standard culturing were determined to have pathogens by sequence analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing can improve clinical microbiology by providing better identification of unidentified bacteria or providing reference identification of unusual strains.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteria , DNA, Ribosomal , Chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether genetic variations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are associated with the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in a Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and seven cases with LSCC and 400 matched health controls were genotyped for the MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The relation between these genotypes and risk of LSCC and gene-environment interaction were analyzed. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using unconditional Logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The individuals with 677CT and 677TT genotype had a 1.66-fold (95% CI 1.08-2.52) and 3.35-fold (95% CI 2.07-5.54) increased risk of developing LSCC compared with those who had 677CC genotype. The individuals with MTHFR 1298A > C genotype was not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, cigarette smoking was also found to interact with MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism in increasing the risk to LCSS further demonstrating the role of gene-environment interaction in development of LSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings suggested that the MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing LSCC among Chinese population.</p>